BITO

Overview

ProShares Bitcoin Strategy ETF (BITO) tracks the Bitcoin Futures index synthetically, through a swap agreement rather than by holding the constituents, and is managed by ProShares. Dividends are reinvested inside the fund rather than paid out, so BITO suits investors building a position over time. The fund is domiciled in US, which determines the withholding tax treatment applied to its dividends. Annual charges come to 0.95% of assets, and the fund holds 1.7B under management. Over five years the fund returned -22.7% a year on average, against -10.3% over three years. It is not eligible for the French PEA, but can be held in a securities account, a UK ISA or a German Depot. Its risk level is rated high. Launched on 2021-10-19, the fund is denominated in USD and has 5 years of track record. Because BITO accumulates, nothing is taxed while the shares are held: the charge falls on disposal, against your capital gains allowance in a general account, and not at all inside an ISA or a SIPP. Domicile in US sets the withholding the fund itself suffers on the dividends it receives, a cost absent from the stated fee but present in the return.

Ongoing charges of 0.95% place this fund 1th of 2 comparable funds, whose median is 2.00%. On £10,000 that costs about 95 a year and 950 over ten years at a constant amount, deducted daily and never visible on a statement: it shows up in the gap between the fund's return and its index's. At this level, neither low enough to be an argument nor high enough to be an obstacle, the decision rests elsewhere: on the index tracked, on the distribution policy, and on what your broker charges to buy.

This fund tracks Bitcoin Futures through a swap: it does not hold the index constituents but a collateral basket, and exchanges that basket's return for the index's with a bank. Two consequences are real. It introduces counterparty risk, bounded by collateral revalued daily and by regulation, but not zero. And it makes possible what direct holding cannot: tracking an index closed to direct purchase, or avoiding withholding tax on dividends, which is why a synthetic fund sometimes beats its physical twin after tax. The swap's cost does not appear in the ongoing charge; it shows up in tracking difference measured over several years.

The fund is domiciled in the United States, and for a European investor that is the point to settle before any other. A US fund is outside UCITS regulation: most European brokers cannot offer it to a retail client for want of a key information document, so access depends on the investor's status. Two tax consequences follow as well: dividends paid to a non-resident bear US withholding, reduced by treaty where a W-8BEN is in place, and US securities held directly fall within US estate tax above a threshold that is low for a non-resident. An Irish-domiciled equivalent avoids both questions.

Income is accumulated: dividends from the holdings are reinvested inside the fund rather than paid out. In a taxable account that defers taxation to the moment of sale instead of triggering it annually, leaving the whole return at work, and that is the main advantage of this share class. Two qualifications go with it. A holder who needs income has to sell units to obtain it, which is one more decision to take and sometimes at a bad moment. And the deferral is not universal: some countries tax a notional annual return whatever the distribution policy, in which case the accumulating class changes nothing.

With 1.7 billion in assets and 5 years of history, this fund has the size and the record that make closure unlikely and the spread narrow. Three checks remain, once a year, none of which depends on the market. The ongoing charge, which an issuer revises without notice and whose gap to a competitor can invert. The tracking difference, the only figure that says whether replication stays faithful. And the methodology of Bitcoin Futures, which can change its selection or weighting rules without the fund's name moving, in which case what you hold has changed with nothing to announce it.

Bitcoin Futures is a broad index, and that is the building block most portfolios have reason to own before any other, for a simple reason: it requires no forecast. Two points deserve checking before calling it diversified. Cap weighting concentrates the portfolio on the largest companies, so the top ten holdings can make up a substantial share, and that concentration grows without any rule changing. And the geographic scope matters: a developed-world index leaves out emerging markets, while a broad US index is not global exposure despite the international revenue of the companies it holds.

Over one year the fund shows -40.3% against -22.7% annualised over five years: the recent year lags the long average. Before drawing a conclusion, two possible causes have to be separated, because they have different consequences: a fall in the index tracked, which affects every fund replicating it, or a deterioration specific to the fund, which shows in the tracking difference rather than in the return.

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